VISUAL EFFECTS

Visual effects software: Transforming reality

Autodesk software for visual effects (VFX) powers modern production pipelines.

Image courtesy of Rising Sun Pictures

What are visual effects (VFX)?

Visual effects (VFX) are images that have been altered, created, or enhanced for live-action media. VFX work is often applied to footage that could not be fully captured during live-action filming due to it being costly, dangerous, impractical, or impossible to shoot. Visual effects compositing integrates live-action footage with VFX to create realistic objects, characters, and environments.

VFX software can produce otherwordly images and simulations. Image courtesy of Filippo Nicea Bovolini.

What is VFX software used for?

Visual effects (VFX) software is used in movies, episodic TVvideo gamesvirtual reality (VR), and advertising to create imaginary worlds, enhance action sequences, develop characters and creatures, build environmental effects, and more.

VFX software is also heavily used in conjunction with virtual production—a technique that combines live-action shots with digital assets and environment—enabling filmmakers to be more agile and streamline their production process.

This software provides several key components:

  • 3D modeling: Powerful 3D tools bring shape to fully dimensional objects, characters, and scenes.

  • Animation: Robust rigging and animation capabilities help artists create the most realistic character performances.

  • Simulation: Professional tools can generate complex simulations and effects like combustion, snow, and particles.

  • Compositing: Artists can unify 2D and 3D visual elements from different sources into a single visual element. Compositing can create otherworldly illusions where many separate visual elements exist together in the same scene.

  • Rendering: As one of the final steps of media production, high-quality rendering ranks among the most important aspects of VFX software. Rendering takes all the composited elements of highly complex scenes, including 2D graphics, 3D models and animations, simulations, and other VFX, and distills them into a high-quality, cohesive still or moving image.

What is the difference between VFX, CGI, and special effects?

Movie effects terms are often used interchangeably, but they are different: VFX is created using a combination of live-action shots and digital imagery; CGI is anything created digitally; and special effects are captured live, without the aid of a computer.

difference between vfx and cgi

Visual effects (VFX)

VFX (visual effects) in film is a process of creating imagery that does not physically exist through the use of CGI, compositing, and motion capture. Examples include 3D modeling, green screen filming, and performance capture.

difference between CGI and special effects

Computer-generated imagery (CGI)

Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is any imagery created digitally within a computer. CGI can be incorporated into a VFX shot in a live-action movie (such as the dinosaurs in Jurassic World) or used to create a fully CG film (like Toy Story).

Image courtesy of Amaru Zeas
Special Effects SFX

Special effects (SFX)

SFX (special effects) are practical effects that do not use CGI. They are implemented directly on set during filming and are either mechanical or optical effects. Examples include prosthetics, miniatures, paintings, stop-motion photography and animation, and composite imagery.

VFX software features

Discover top visual effects tools and features available with Autodesk software.

Simulations in vfx software

Simulations and effects

Deliver natural-looking effects like combustion, snow, waves, or particles with aerodynamic (aero), material point method (MPM), ocean, and particle simulation systems in Bifrost for Maya.

Scattering and instancing in vfx software

Scattering and instancing

Create large-scale complexity for world-building or set dressing with expressive scattering and instancing tools in Bifrost for Maya.

Compositing in vfx software

Compositing

Traditional 2D compositing combines multiple images or video clips into a final composite shot. Compositing with Autodesk VFX software combines the interactive speed of 2D compositing and powerful 3D visual effects.

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  • Access 3D capabilities, BIM modeling and industry-specific toolsets.

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Autodesk VFX software

Maya
3D animation, modeling, simulation, and rendering software for film, games, and TV
Flame
Tools for 3D visual effects, finishing, and 3D compositing—available as Flame, Flame Assist, Flare, Lustre
Autodesk Flow Studio
Create stunning VFX with AI you control. Turn your footage into CG scenes you can direct, edit, and export - using AI-powered mocap, camera tracking, animation, and compositing tools.
Arnold
Global illumination rendering software
Media & Entertainment collection
Scale your studio’s rendering and simulation capabilities, while equipping artists with powerful modeling and animation tools

See how studios are using visual effects software

See how professional studios are using visual effects software from Autodesk.

VFX Untold Studios still from commercial goat hang-gliding

Raising the visual bar with collaborative cloud workflows

Amaan Akram, Head of VFX at Untold Studios, shares how Autodesk Design & Make platform enables them to push the boundaries of technology.

Image courtesy of Untold Studios
VFX Pixomondo still from the Fantastic Forest in Ant-Man and The Wasp: Quantumania

Streamlining VFX to create a fantastical forest

See how Pixomondo used Autodesk Maya with Bifrost to help streamline VFX delivery and master the details of otherworldly creatures, animals, trees, and vegetation.

Image 2023 Marvel Studios. Courtesy of Pixomondo.
VFX simulation still from commercial by Phil Radford Strangebox

Crafting complex simulations with Bifrost for Maya

Learn how Bifrost for Maya is central to VFX generalist and freelancer Phil Radford’s workflow for creating captivating title sequences, memorable 3D animations, and high-end effects.

Image courtesy of Phil Radford
VFX CG Spectrum lighting the sandworm

Summoning sandworms in Dune-inspired commercial

One of the world’s leading educators in the fields of game development, VFX, and animation, CG Spectrum demonstrates its expertise in VFX with a Dune-inspired commercial for the school.

Image courtesy of CG Spectrum

Free VFX resources

Learn more about visual effects software with these free tutorials, tips, and guides.

Autodesk Flow Studio | Free animation & VFX software for students

Free for eligible university students and educators (18+). Autodesk Flow Studio is a cloud-based, AI-powered 3D toolset that turns live-action footage into editable CG scenes for class projects, portfolio building, and learning.

3D simulation software

Learn about the importance and potential of 3D simulations as part of the visual effects pipeline. With the right software, 3D simulations can create incredibly realistic fire, explosions, smoke, water, sand, and other effects reliant on particle flow.

Digital content creation

Learn all about digital content creation (DCC)—including audiovisual media, animation, and visual effects made for entertainment, education, and advertising—and the software needed to do it.

Autodesk Media & Entertainment blog

Stay ahead of industry trends, events, artist stories, tutorials, and more.

Autodesk Media & Entertainment YouTube channel

Get exclusive learning content, industry insights, and behind-the-scenes access to realistic 3D characters, exceptional effects, and expansive worlds.

Visual effects software frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Autodesk Maya is used for high-end visual effects in film, TV, and games. Artists use it for character animation, rigging, simulation, and complex FX like destruction, fluids, and crowds. It’s built for pipeline integration, making it a standard in VFX studios. Maya supports detailed, shot-level work where realism and control are critical.

Autodesk 3ds Max is commonly used for environment creation, modeling, and design visualization within VFX pipelines. It excels at building detailed worlds, props, and architectural scenes with fast iteration. Many studios use it alongside Maya to handle different parts of production. It’s especially strong for artists focused on modeling and scene assembly.

Use Maya if your work focuses on animation, character rigging, or complex simulations for film and TV. Choose 3ds Max if you prioritize modeling, environments, or design-heavy workflows. Many studios use both together, depending on the task. The best choice depends on your role and the type of content you create.

Maya and 3ds Max often work in connected pipelines where assets move between tools. For example, environments may be created in 3ds Max and animated or simulated in Maya. Both support common formats like USD and FBX for smooth data exchange. This flexibility helps teams collaborate across departments without rebuilding assets.

Yes, Maya is widely used across professional VFX studios worldwide. It’s trusted for complex productions because it supports deep customization, scripting, and integration with other tools. Studios rely on it for everything from character animation to final shot work. Its flexibility makes it suitable for both large pipelines and specialized workflows.

Yes, 3ds Max is used in film and TV for specific VFX tasks like environment creation, modeling, and layout. While Maya is more commonly used for animation and simulation, 3ds Max complements it in many pipelines. It’s especially useful when speed and precision in modeling are important. Many studios combine both tools for efficiency.

AI in Autodesk tools helps automate time-consuming tasks while keeping artists in control. For example, Autodesk Flow Studio uses AI to generate motion capture, camera tracking, and 3D elements from footage, which can then be refined in Maya or 3ds Max. These workflows speed up early-stage production without locking results, so artists can iterate and refine. AI is designed to assist creativity, not replace it.

Freelancers and small studios often choose Maya Indie or 3ds Max Indie for full-featured tools at a lower cost. These versions provide the same core capabilities used in professional production. They’re ideal for building portfolios, client work, or indie films. Eligibility requirements apply, but they offer strong value for smaller teams.

Yes, beginners and independent creators can start with Maya Indie or pay-as-you-go access through Flex. These options reduce upfront cost while still providing professional tools. Many creators use them to learn workflows, build projects, and transition into studio work. This makes it easier to enter the VFX industry without a large investment.

Yes, Autodesk offers free trials for both Maya and 3ds Max. Trials typically include full functionality, allowing you to explore modeling, animation, and rendering workflows. This helps you evaluate which tool fits your needs before purchasing. It’s a common starting point for both individuals and teams.

Maya and 3ds Max are available through subscription pricing, with options for monthly, annual, or multi-year plans. Pricing varies by region and access type, including Indie and Flex options. This flexibility allows studios and individuals to choose what fits their budget and usage. Visit Autodesk’s pricing page for the most current details.

Yes, students and educators can access Maya and 3ds Max for free through Autodesk’s Education plan. This includes full versions for learning and academic projects. It’s widely used in schools and training programs for animation and VFX. Eligibility is required through Autodesk Education verification.

Visual effects software is used to create, simulate, and enhance imagery for film, TV, and games. It includes tools for animation, compositing, simulation, and rendering. Artists use it to combine live-action footage with digital elements. VFX software helps bring complex scenes and stories to life.

3D modeling creates the shape and structure of objects. Animation brings those objects to life through movement and performance. Rendering generates the final image by adding lighting, textures, and effects. Together, these steps form the core of most VFX workflows.

In film and TV, VFX software is used to create characters, environments, and simulations that would be difficult or impossible to film. In games, it helps build real-time assets and interactive worlds. Teams use multiple tools together across the pipeline. This allows for faster iteration and more detailed final results.