Understanding pipes

00:03

Pipes are a crucial element of all water supply network models

00:08

often called maines pipes serve different roles in a water network.

00:13

Typically, models include only distribution pipes.

00:16

While service pipes to customers are usually excluded

00:20

when modeling pipes, it is important to consider length,

00:23

internal pipe diameter and friction coefficient.

00:28

The diameter of a pipe can refer to either its external or internal diameter.

00:33

For network modeling. You only need to consider the internal diameter of a pipe.

00:39

Friction coefficients of a pipe represent the roughness

00:42

of the pipe wall and therefore measure head loss

00:47

because of this.

00:48

The friction coefficient is one of the most

00:50

important factors in a well calibrated network model.

00:55

While many different pipe materials have been used.

00:57

Historically,

00:58

modern pipes are made from polyethylene or ductile

01:01

iron due to their lower friction coefficients.

01:04

Friction coefficient can be expressed in

01:06

different units based on various principles.

01:10

A friction coefficient comes from the diameter of

01:12

a pipe or the pipe's age or material

01:15

calibrating from observed data and physical inspections.